Appearance
The Stygian owl is 38 to 46 cm long and weighs about 400 to 675 g . The sexes have similar very dark plumage. The face is blackish with a pale border and a whitish forehead, and the head has long dark feathers that project upward as "ears". The dark upperparts have buff streaks and bars; the underparts are a dingy buff with dark brown or blackish barring and streaks. The eye is shades of yellow, the bill blue-black to blackish, and the feet dark grayish or brownish pink. The subspecies are substantially alike, differing mostly in the shade of the upperparts' streaks and somewhat in size.Distribution
The subspecies of Stygian owl are found thus :⤷ ''A. s. lambi'', northwestern Mexico from Sonora and Chihuahua south to Jalisco
⤷ ''A. s. robustus'', discontinuously from Guerrero and Veracruz in Mexico south into northern Nicaragua
⤷ ''A. s. siguapa'', mainland Cuba and Isla de la Juventud
⤷ ''A. s. noctipetens'', mainland Hispaniola and Gonâve Island
⤷ ''A. s. stygius'', Colombia and Venezuela south to Bolivia and discontinuously in central and southern Brazil
⤷ ''A. s. barberoi'', Paraguay and northern Argentina
In addition, the Stygian owl has been documented as a vagrant in Texas, Florida, and Trinidad....hieroglyph snipped......hieroglyph snipped...
Some authors merge ''A. s. lambi'' into ''A. s. robustus''. Some extend the range of ''robustus'' to include the Colombian, Ecuadorian, and Venezuelan populations otherwise attributed to ''A. s. stygius''. Some include ''A. s. noctipetens'' in ''A. s. siguapa''. And some include the population in southeastern Brazil in ''A. s. barberoi'' instead of in ''A. s. stygius''.
The Stygian owl inhabits a wide variety of landscapes from sea level to 3,000 m of elevation. Most are fairly open rather than densely forested or purely grasslands. They include montane pine, pine-oak, and cloud forests, thorn scrub, cerrado, pine plantations, and even urban parks.
Status
The IUCN has assessed the Stygian owl as being of least concern. It has a very large range, but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No specific threats have been identified.Habitat
The subspecies of Stygian owl are found thus :⤷ ''A. s. lambi'', northwestern Mexico from Sonora and Chihuahua south to Jalisco
⤷ ''A. s. robustus'', discontinuously from Guerrero and Veracruz in Mexico south into northern Nicaragua
⤷ ''A. s. siguapa'', mainland Cuba and Isla de la Juventud
⤷ ''A. s. noctipetens'', mainland Hispaniola and Gonâve Island
⤷ ''A. s. stygius'', Colombia and Venezuela south to Bolivia and discontinuously in central and southern Brazil
⤷ ''A. s. barberoi'', Paraguay and northern Argentina
In addition, the Stygian owl has been documented as a vagrant in Texas, Florida, and Trinidad....hieroglyph snipped......hieroglyph snipped...
Some authors merge ''A. s. lambi'' into ''A. s. robustus''. Some extend the range of ''robustus'' to include the Colombian, Ecuadorian, and Venezuelan populations otherwise attributed to ''A. s. stygius''. Some include ''A. s. noctipetens'' in ''A. s. siguapa''. And some include the population in southeastern Brazil in ''A. s. barberoi'' instead of in ''A. s. stygius''.
The Stygian owl inhabits a wide variety of landscapes from sea level to 3,000 m of elevation. Most are fairly open rather than densely forested or purely grasslands. They include montane pine, pine-oak, and cloud forests, thorn scrub, cerrado, pine plantations, and even urban parks.
Reproduction
The Stygian owl's breeding phenology is not well known. Its breeding seasons vary widely across its range. Males give a wing-clapping display in flight. It nests on the ground or in trees; in the latter it apparently reuses nests of other species. It lays two or three eggs.{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:#f6f6f6"
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Songs and calls
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Food
The Stygian owl is wholly nocturnal. The largest part of its diet is birds, from very small ones to some as large as the 150 g lesser nothura ; it is thought that most birds are caught on their nighttime roosts. The diet also includes bats , some other mammals , frogs, and insects. Also, in contrast to other owls, rodents do not appear to be part of its diet.References:
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