Velella velella
Velella velella
''Velella'' is a cosmopolitan genus of free-floating hydrozoans that live on the surface of the open ocean. There is only one known species, ''Velella velella'', in the genus. ''Velella velella'' is commonly known by the names sea raft, by-the-wind sailor, purple sail, little sail, or simply ''Velella''.
These small cnidarians are part of a specialised ocean surface community that includes the better-known cnidarian siphonophore, the Portuguese man o' war. Specialized predatory gastropod mollusks prey on these cnidarians. Such predators include nudibranchs in the genus ''Glaucus'' and purple snails in the genus ''Janthina''.
Each apparent individual ''Velella velella'' is in fact a hydroid colony, and most are less than about 7 cm long. They are usually deep blue in colour, but their most obvious feature is a small stiff sail that catches the wind and propels them over the surface of the sea. Under certain wind conditions, they may be stranded by the thousand on beaches.
Like other Cnidaria, ''Velella velella'' are carnivorous. They catch their prey, generally plankton, by means of tentacles that hang down in the water and bear cnidocysts . Though the toxins in their nematocysts are effective against their prey, ''V. velella'' is essentially harmless to humans. While cnidarians all possess nematocysts, in some species the nematocysts and toxins therein are more powerful than other species. ''V. velella'' has nematocysts that are relatively benign to humans, although each person may respond differently to contact with the nematocyst toxin. It is wise to avoid touching one's face or eyes after handling ''V. velella'', and itching may develop on parts of the skin that have been exposed to ''V. velella'' nematocysts.
These small cnidarians are part of a specialised ocean surface community that includes the better-known cnidarian siphonophore, the Portuguese man o' war. Specialized predatory gastropod mollusks prey on these cnidarians. Such predators include nudibranchs in the genus ''Glaucus'' and purple snails in the genus ''Janthina''.
Each apparent individual ''Velella velella'' is in fact a hydroid colony, and most are less than about 7 cm long. They are usually deep blue in colour, but their most obvious feature is a small stiff sail that catches the wind and propels them over the surface of the sea. Under certain wind conditions, they may be stranded by the thousand on beaches.
Like other Cnidaria, ''Velella velella'' are carnivorous. They catch their prey, generally plankton, by means of tentacles that hang down in the water and bear cnidocysts . Though the toxins in their nematocysts are effective against their prey, ''V. velella'' is essentially harmless to humans. While cnidarians all possess nematocysts, in some species the nematocysts and toxins therein are more powerful than other species. ''V. velella'' has nematocysts that are relatively benign to humans, although each person may respond differently to contact with the nematocyst toxin. It is wise to avoid touching one's face or eyes after handling ''V. velella'', and itching may develop on parts of the skin that have been exposed to ''V. velella'' nematocysts.