White-browed spinetail

Appearance

The white-browed spinetail is 11 to 13.5 cm long and weighs 11 to 15 g. It has a short tail compared to other spinetails. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies "H. g. gularis" have whitish supercilia that almost meet on the forehead on an otherwise dark rufescent brown face. Their forehead, crown, and nape are rufescent brown with faint paler streaks. Their upperparts and wings are also rufescent brown. Their tail is rufescent brown; the ends of the feathers are pointed and lack barbs. Their throat is white with a thin black band below it, and their underparts are unmarked cinnamon-brown to buffy brown, sometimes with a gray tinge. Their iris is dark brown to brown, their maxilla black to dark gray, their mandible pinkish horn to gray with a dark tip, and their legs and feet olive, olive-brown, or olive-yellowish. Juveniles have dark tips on the feathers of their breast and belly.

Subspecies "H. g. brunneidorsalis" has browner, less rufescent, upperparts than the nominate, with paler and grayer underparts with brown only on the flanks. "H. g. cinereiventris" has darker and richer brown upperparts than the nominate, with brownish gray underparts. "H. g. rufiventris" is darker overall than the nominate, with more rufescent upperparts and dark chestnut underparts.

Distribution

The subspecies of the white-browed spinetail are found thus:

⤷  "H. g. gularis": Andes of western Venezuela, all three Andean ranges in Colombia, and both slopes of the Andes of Ecuador and northern Peru's Department of Cajamarca
⤷  "H. g. brunneidorsalis": Serranía del Perijá that straddles the northeastern Colombia - northwestern Venezuela border
⤷  "H. g. cinereiventris": Andes of western Venezuela from Trujillo south to Táchira
⤷  "H. g. rufiventris": Andes of northern and central Peru between the departments of Amazonas and Ayacucho

Status

The IUCN has assessed the white-browed spinetail as being of Least Concern. It has a large range and an unknown population size that is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered generally fairly common though local in Venezuela; it is not very well known.

Habitat

The white-browed spinetail is most common in elfin forest; it also inhabits montane evergreen forest and the undergrowth and edges of cloudforest, where it often occurs in thickets of "Chusquea" bamboo. In elevation it ranges from 2,300 to 3,900 m.

Reproduction

Nothing is known about the white-browed spinetail's breeding biology.

Food

The white-browed spinetail feeds on arthropods. It typically forages singly or in pairs, and occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It hunts acrobatically, hitching and hopping up trunks and sometimes hangs upside down to reach prey, usually in the forest's dense understorey and sometimes on the ground. It gleans and probes for its prey in moss, dense foliage, dead leaves, bark, and bamboo.