Appearance
The thallus grows from a discoid holdfast to a length of about 23 centimetres . The fronds branch irregularly and sparingly. The branches are hollow, soft and twisted, dark reddish brown in colour which bleach towards the tips, they clearly taper at their junction.Distribution
Common around the British Isles. Europe from Russia to Portugal and Canada to United States. In the NW Pacific and Alaska.Habitat
Generally epilithic in rock pools of the littoral zone.Reproduction
The plants are dioecious with microscopic spermatangia, carposporangia, and tetrasporangia developing in the surface layer, cruciate.References:
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