Appearance
''Rubus ulmifolius'' is a brambly shrub sometimes as much as 5 meters tall, sometimes with spines but not always. Leaves are palmately compound with 3 or 5 leaflets, the leaflets green on the upper surface but white on the underside because of a dense layer of woolly hairs. Flowers are usually pink, sometimes white. The fruit is a compound drupe, dark purple, almost black.
Naming
''Rubus sanctus'' is often considered to be a subspecies of ''R. ulmifolius''.Distribution
''Rubus ulmifolius'' is found in its native range across Western Europe, from the Netherlands south to Spain and Portugal, in Britain and Ireland, as well as NW Africa. It is naturalised in North America, Australasia and South Africa. In Britain and Ireland it is a plant of hedges and woodland edges on calcareous soils.Habitat
''Rubus ulmifolius'' is found in its native range across Western Europe, from the Netherlands south to Spain and Portugal, in Britain and Ireland, as well as NW Africa. It is naturalised in North America, Australasia and South Africa. In Britain and Ireland it is a plant of hedges and woodland edges on calcareous soils.Reproduction
''Rubus ulmifolius'' is unique among subgenus ''Rubus'' in displaying normal sexual reproduction; all other species are facultative apomicts.References:
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