Scurvygrass

Appearance

''Cochlearia officinalis'' is a biennial/perennial, growing to 10–50 cm . The stems are hairless and long stalked with fleshy leaves. The leaves are heart or kidney shaped, the lower stems leaves form a rosette around the base of the plant. It is in flower from May to August, they are small, and come in white or lilac, with four daisy-like petals. The seeds ripen from July to September, they are globe shaped. The small, round seeds are reddish brown. The flowers are hermaphrodite and are pollinated by bees, flies, and beetles. The plant is self-fertile. It is also noted for attracting wildlife and not being frost tender.

Distribution

''Cochlearia officinalis'' is a temperate native to Europe.

Habitat

''Cochlearia officinalis'' is a temperate native to Europe.It grows in the coastal and mountainous regions of Europe, including the Alps. In Ireland, it prefers saltmarshes, coastal cliffs and walls, and rocky, muddy seashores. In Northern Scandinavia, it grows in gravel beaches, crevices in beach cliffs and salt marshes.

Uses

It was once used by herbalists as a cure for scurvy, as the plant contains Vitamin C. Nicholas Culpeper wrote of scurvygrass in his book, 'Complete Herbal', that its chief good effect is when used 'by those that have the scurvy' and that it 'is of singular good effect to cleanse the blood, liver and spleen, taking the juice in the Spring every morning fasting in a cup of drink'.

The leaves were also made into a beer called scurvygrass ale, it has been occasionally re-made as a craft ale.

It was taken on board ships in dried bundles or distilled extracts. Its very bitter taste was usually disguised with herbs and spices; however, this did not prevent scurvygrass drinks and sandwiches becoming a popular fad in the UK until the middle of the nineteenth century, when citrus fruits became more readily available.