Round fantail stingray

Appearance

The round fantail stingray has a nearly circular pectoral fin disk slightly wider than long. The tail measures no longer than the disk length and bears one or more stinging spines on the upper surface. The spines average 50 mm long in males and 66 mm in females, and have a central groove and 29–45 lateral serrations. Replacement spines grow in front of the primary spine. There is a deep fin fold running beneath the tail from the level of the spine almost to the tip. The skin is mostly smooth, save for small dermal denticles found along the middle of the back from the spiracles to the tail spine, as well as three thorns on the "shoulders". The coloration is dark gray to brown to olive above, with various darker mottling, and off-white below. This species typically grows up to 1 m across and 1.5 m long, though it has been reported to a length of 2.5 m. It can weigh as much as 150 kg.

Distribution

The round fantail stingray is found in the tropical to subtropical waters of the eastern Atlantic from Mauritania to Angola, as well as off the Canary Islands, Madeira, and Cape Verde. This species has also recently colonized the southern Mediterranean Sea, where it is now occasionally sighted from Tunisia to Egypt, with isolated records from off Turkey and Tuscany, Italy. However, it is not one of the many Lessepsian migrants, and reports of this species being present in the Red Sea may be erroneous. Found at depths of 10–300 m, the round fantail stingray favors coastal sandy, muddy, or rocky areas.

Behavior

Little is known of the natural history of the round fantail stingray. A predator of bottom-dwelling crustaceans and fishes, during the day this species can often be found partially buried in sediment, under ledges, or lying in the open spaces between reefs. Known parasites of the round fantail stingray include the monogeneans "Dendromonocotyle taeniurae" and "Neoentobdella apiocolpos", which infest the skin, and "Heterocotyle forcifera", "H. mokhtarae", and "H. striata", which infest the gills, and the tapeworm "Rhinebothrium monodi", which infests the spiral valve intestine. It has been observed being attended to by the cleaner shrimp "Hippolysmata grabhami". Like other stingrays, this species is aplacental viviparous.

Habitat

The round fantail stingray is found in the tropical to subtropical waters of the eastern Atlantic from Mauritania to Angola, as well as off the Canary Islands, Madeira, and Cape Verde. This species has also recently colonized the southern Mediterranean Sea, where it is now occasionally sighted from Tunisia to Egypt, with isolated records from off Turkey and Tuscany, Italy. However, it is not one of the many Lessepsian migrants, and reports of this species being present in the Red Sea may be erroneous. Found at depths of 10–300 m, the round fantail stingray favors coastal sandy, muddy, or rocky areas.
Little is known of the natural history of the round fantail stingray. A predator of bottom-dwelling crustaceans and fishes, during the day this species can often be found partially buried in sediment, under ledges, or lying in the open spaces between reefs. Known parasites of the round fantail stingray include the monogeneans "Dendromonocotyle taeniurae" and "Neoentobdella apiocolpos", which infest the skin, and "Heterocotyle forcifera", "H. mokhtarae", and "H. striata", which infest the gills, and the tapeworm "Rhinebothrium monodi", which infests the spiral valve intestine. It has been observed being attended to by the cleaner shrimp "Hippolysmata grabhami". Like other stingrays, this species is aplacental viviparous.