Lesser Black-backed Gull

Appearance

They are smaller than the Herring Gull. The taxonomy of the Herring Gull / Lesser Black-backed Gull complex is very complicated; different authorities recognise between two and eight species. This group has a ring distribution around the northern hemisphere.

Differences between adjacent forms in this ring are fairly small, but by the time the circuit is completed, the end members, Herring Gull and Lesser Black-backed Gull, are clearly different species. The Lesser Black-backed Gull measures 51–64 cm, 124–150 cm across the wings and weighs 452–1,100 g, with the nominate race averaging slightly smaller than the other two subspecies. Males, at average weight of 824 g, are slightly larger than females, at an average of 708 g.

Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 38.3 to 45 c , the bill is 4.2 to 5.8 cm and the tarsus is 5.2 to 6.9 cm. A confusable species in Europe is Great Black-backed Gull. The Lesser is a much smaller bird, with slimmer build, yellow rather than pinkish legs, and smaller white "mirrors" at the wing tips. The adults have black or dark grey wings and back. The bill is yellow with a red spot which young peck at, inducing feeding. The head is greyer in winter, unlike Great Black-backed.

Young birds have scaly black-brown upperparts and a neat wing pattern. They take four years to reach maturity. Identification from juvenile Herring Gulls is most readily done by the more solidly dark tertial feathers.

The call is a "laughing" cry like that of the Herring Gull , but with a markedly deeper pitch.

Naming

There are three races:
⤷ ''Larus fuscus fuscus'' – Baltic Sea, eastern Scandinavia. Mantle jet black.
⤷ ''Larus fuscus intermedius'' – Denmark, Netherlands, Norway. Mantle sooty black.
⤷ ''Larus fuscus graellsii'' – British Isles, Iceland, northern France. Mantle dark grey.

Distribution

Ireland: Copeland Bird Observatory, Co. Down.

England: Co. Durham.

Food

They are omnivores like most ''Larus'' gulls, and they will eat fish, insects, crustaceans, worms, starfish, molluscs, seeds, berries, small mammals, eggs, small birds, chicks, scraps, offal, and carrion.