Lesser Purple Fringed Orchid
Platanthera psycodes
''Platanthera psycodes'', commonly called lesser purple fringed orchid or small purple-fringed orchid, is a species of orchid, genus ''Platanthera'', occurring from eastern Canada to the east-central and northeastern United States . It is imperiled in Illinois, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Kentucky.
The specific epithet ''psycodes'' is a misspelling of ''psychodes'', which means "butterfly-like", probably alluding to the shape of the flowers. Like many other orchids it is a plant of wet habitats: sedge meadows, flatwoods, sphagnum bogs, cedar or alder swamps, on stream edges or the moist edges of coniferous forests. It is occasionally found in wet swales adjoining freshwater sandy beaches. Preferring cooler habitats, its range is being pushed northwards as global temperatures warm. Correll refers to locations of 1,500-foot altitudes in Vermont, 4,000-foot altitudes in Virginia and 6,500-foot altitudes in North Carolina and Tennessee. It is often confused with its relative, ''Platanthera grandiflora'', which generally has larger flowers long), and has a circular nectary opening, compared to ''P. psycodes'' which has smaller flowers long) and an oblong or almost rectangular opening. The most important characteristic separating the two species is the shape of the column and relative placement of the pollinia on the pollinators. In ''P. psycodes'' the column is shaped such that the pollinia are attached to the proboscis of the pollinator whereas in ''P. grandiflora'' the column is larger and the viscidia of the pollinia are widely spaced and outwardly rotated. This results in the pollinia being placed on the eyes of the pollinator. ''P. grandiflora'' has a much more restricted range and where the two species do overlap in range, they are phenotypically separated, with ''P. grandiflora'' typically blooming from late June through early July while ''P. psycodes'' blooms from late July through early August.
The specific epithet ''psycodes'' is a misspelling of ''psychodes'', which means "butterfly-like", probably alluding to the shape of the flowers. Like many other orchids it is a plant of wet habitats: sedge meadows, flatwoods, sphagnum bogs, cedar or alder swamps, on stream edges or the moist edges of coniferous forests. It is occasionally found in wet swales adjoining freshwater sandy beaches. Preferring cooler habitats, its range is being pushed northwards as global temperatures warm. Correll refers to locations of 1,500-foot altitudes in Vermont, 4,000-foot altitudes in Virginia and 6,500-foot altitudes in North Carolina and Tennessee. It is often confused with its relative, ''Platanthera grandiflora'', which generally has larger flowers long), and has a circular nectary opening, compared to ''P. psycodes'' which has smaller flowers long) and an oblong or almost rectangular opening. The most important characteristic separating the two species is the shape of the column and relative placement of the pollinia on the pollinators. In ''P. psycodes'' the column is shaped such that the pollinia are attached to the proboscis of the pollinator whereas in ''P. grandiflora'' the column is larger and the viscidia of the pollinia are widely spaced and outwardly rotated. This results in the pollinia being placed on the eyes of the pollinator. ''P. grandiflora'' has a much more restricted range and where the two species do overlap in range, they are phenotypically separated, with ''P. grandiflora'' typically blooming from late June through early July while ''P. psycodes'' blooms from late July through early August.
