Plains Garter Snake

Naming

Formerly, two subspecies of the Plains garter snake were widely recognized, but most authorities have since dropped subspecies recognition. The first, ''T. r. radix'', was commonly referred to as the eastern Plains garter snake, while ''T. r. haydeni'' was considered the western subspecies. However, the distinction between the two is weak, partly based on the number of scales and partly on slight coloration differences, with ''T. r. haydeni'' said to have cleaner markings and more ventral and neck scales. As the two subspecies share the same habitat in many regions of the United States, further complicated by their strikingly similar appearance, many now do not recognize the two subspecies.

The subspecific name, ''haydeni'', is in honor of American geologist Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden.

Status

The Plains garter snake is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List due to the snake's ability to modify its habitat, its wide distribution and its presumed large population. However, the snake is considered to be "Endangered" in Ohio and is on a state list of endangered species. In Wisconsin, it is a species of special concern.

Behavior

Described as "one of the most cold-tolerant snakes", on warmer winter days, it often comes out of hibernation to bask in the sun. It is most active between April and late October depending on location. Mating normally takes place in April or May and birth takes place between August and October. Courtship usually occurs near the communal hibernation site, and polygynous mating systems have been observed. The snake's typical diet consists of earthworms, slugs, and small amphibians, including the larvae of salamanders. It has also been observed eating small mammals and birds, such as bank swallows and eastern meadowlarks.

Habitat

The Plains garter snake is commonly found in meadows and prairies adjacent to water sources, such as marshes, streams, and ponds. In built-up areas of the Chicago area, it has been observed in abandoned buildings, trash heaps, and vacant lots. Populations in urban and suburban areas have been greatly reduced due to building activities and pesticide use. Its habitat range overlaps with that of the common garter snake in many areas, and it is thought the species may hybridize.