Chain moray

Appearance

The chain moray is an elongated, heavy, eel-like fish that commonly grows to a length of about 30 to 45 cm . The head has a rounded snout and pointed, blunt teeth, especially on the roof of the mouth. The dorsal, tail and anal fins are combined into a single long fin, and there are no pectoral or ventral fins. The skin does not bear scales but is covered with a layer of clear mucus. This fish is dark brown to black, marked with an interconnecting lattice-work of yellow, chain-like lines. The eyes are yellow.

Distribution

The chain moray is found in the western Atlantic Ocean where its range extends from Bermuda, Florida and the Bahamas to the Antilles and Brazil. It is common in the Caribbean, and is also reported from the eastern Atlantic and some southern Atlantic islands. It is found on reefs and rocky shores in clear water at depths of less than 12 m , and usually within 2 metres of the surface.

Behavior

The chain moray is mainly nocturnal, hiding in holes and crevices in shallow water during the day, often with its head projecting. It is continually opening and closing its mouth in order to increase the flow of water over its gills. It is a carnivore and feeds on such organisms as crabs, which are the mainstay of its diet, shrimps, worms and small fish. Its blunt teeth are especially adapted for feeding on crustaceans. It does not always leave its hiding place to forage, sometimes remaining where it is, ready to grab any prey that passes. It sometimes forages in tide pools and is able to survive for up to half an hour out of water. As well as ambushing prey, its feeding strategies include searching under the rims of pools, beneath rocks and in holes for prey, stalking observed prey or chasing it for a distance of up to 5 m . When close enough to its prey, usually when it is within 5 to 10 cm , it strikes, an action it can perform with its body wholly or partly out of the water. When captured, large crabs are torn apart while small ones are swallowed whole.

Habitat

The chain moray is found in the western Atlantic Ocean where its range extends from Bermuda, Florida and the Bahamas to the Antilles and Brazil. It is common in the Caribbean, and is also reported from the eastern Atlantic and some southern Atlantic islands. It is found on reefs and rocky shores in clear water at depths of less than 12 m , and usually within 2 metres of the surface.