Black knobby sea cucumber

Appearance

"Stichopus chloronotus" is a fairly large species growing to about 25 cm with a firm but pliable body and a squarish cross section. The skin is smooth but there are numerous conical fleshy papillae in longitudinal rows, and these are larger on the lower lateral angles. This sea cucumber is a deep blackish-green in colour, and has yellow or red tips to the papillae.

Distribution

"Stichopus chloronotus" is native to the Indo-Pacific. Its range extends from the Red Sea and the East Coast of Africa, through Madagascar, the Seychelles, the Comores and Réunion to Australia, Indonesia, China, Japan, Guam, Fiji, Tonga and Samoa. It lives on reefs, but can also be found on rubble located on the outer reef flats at depths down to about 12 m.

Status

"Stichopus chloronotus" is gathered for human consumption across much of its range. Although not one of the most important species for this purpose, it resembles the much-favoured Japanese sea cucumber "Apostichopus japonicus" and is increasingly being caught in some areas as supplies of that species dwindle. This species has a widespread distribution and is common in many parts of its range so the IUCN lists it as being of "Least Concern".

Behavior

"Stichopus chloronotus" is a detritivore and sifts through the sediment on the seabed with its tentacles and feeds on detritus and other organic matter including plant and animal remains, bacteria, protozoa, diatoms and faeces. In the process it swallows a lot of sand and plays an important part in churning up and aerating the seabed.

"Stichopus chloronotus" can reproduce asexually by undergoing transverse fission, forming two new individuals which each regenerate the missing parts. It can also reproduce sexually.

Habitat

"Stichopus chloronotus" is native to the Indo-Pacific. Its range extends from the Red Sea and the East Coast of Africa, through Madagascar, the Seychelles, the Comores and Réunion to Australia, Indonesia, China, Japan, Guam, Fiji, Tonga and Samoa. It lives on reefs, but can also be found on rubble located on the outer reef flats at depths down to about 12 m.