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![Panorpa
Panorpa[1][2] is a genus of scorpion-flies that is widely dispersed, especially in the Northern hemisphere. However, they do not occur in the western United States nor Canada.
About 240 species are described as of 2007.
Larvae and adults feed on carrion.[3]
The species P. vulgaris, has become a model insect for testing theories of sexual selection as its mating system has been noted to be similar to that of humans in some aspects.[4] Studies show that both sexes of the species display mating preferences for direct (e.g. nuptial gifts) and indirect benefits (e.g. genetic benefits) to increase reproductive success. The production of nuptial gifts during copulation in males (e.g. salivary secretion) and high nutritional condition in females are indicators of "good foraging genes", an indirect benefit that individuals look for in their partners. These genetic benefits can increase fitness in offspring and improve their foraging ability.
The life-cycle of Panorpa nuptialis and its habits, have become of interest in the field of forensic entomology. Common scorpionfly,Estonia,Geotagged,Panorpa communis,Spring](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.jungledragon.com/images/2903/60098_small.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=05GMT0V3GWVNE7GGM1R2&Expires=1759968010&Signature=Dx7OGpSGzUEXrErJwOS0OaWDHq8%3D)
2 Panorpa -
3 Chrysops caecutiens -
2 Copepod -
2 Ostracod -
2 Phryganea larva -
2 Zebra spider -
2 Simocephalus sp -
2 Jumping Spider -
2 A human head louse -
2 Silmik (Polyphemus) -
2 Ceriodaphnia -
2 Elodes larvae -
2 Daphnia -
2 Simocephalus sp -
2 Simocephalus sp -
![Polyphemus Polyphemus is a genus of water fleas, and the only genus in the family Polyphemidae.[1] There are two species, P. exiguus and P. pediculus, although allopatric speciation has resulted in a number of cryptic species of P. pediculus.[2] Polyphemus exiguus inhabits open zones in the Caspian Sea,[3] while Polyphemus pediculus exists throughout the Holarctic. It lives in diverse conditions, from small ponds to lakes and estuaries such as the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Gulf of Finland. It can be found quite far offshore.
Polyphemus are a predatory genus of water flea. The two species have four pairs of legs with exopodites, or outer branches.[3] The legs are adapted for catching mobile prey, generally smaller species of water flea such as young Daphnia and Bosmina.[4]
Polyphemus has two compound eyes that are fused to form a single unit, with a zoned set of receptors.[5] This zoned structure is paired with an eye-control system that allows the Polyphemus to visually distinguish target size to avoid predators and track prey.[4][6] P. pediculus is approximately 1 millimetre (0.04 in) in length. P. exiguus, while similar in morphology, is smaller. Polyphemus pediculus](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.jungledragon.com/images/2903/145994_small.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=05GMT0V3GWVNE7GGM1R2&Expires=1759968010&Signature=C9zQCXvaYlUysvOamtuaPNiotgA%3D)
2 Polyphemus -
2 Hydrachnidia -
2 Mosquito pupa -
2 Mosquito pupa -
2 Simocephalus sp -
2 Simocephalus sp -
2 Mosquito_larva -
2 Hydrachnidia -
2 Mosquito pupa