Polistes gallicus

''Polistes gallicus'' is a fairly common species of paper wasp found in various parts of Europe, excluding England, Denmark, and Scandinavia, from warmer climates to cooler regions north of the Alps. The distribution of ''P. gallicus'' also extends into northern regions of Africa, Israel, Iran, and even parts of China and Russia. Nests of these social insects are created in these various conditions. The ''Polistes'' species uses an oral secretion to construct their nests, which consist of a combination of chewed plant fibers and branches. This structural mixture physically protects the nest from various harsh elements and from weathering over time.