Large-scaled Pit Viper

Craspedocephalus macrolepis

"Craspedocephalus macrolepis", commonly known as the large-scaled pit viper, is a venomous pitviper species endemic to the Southern Western Ghats of South India. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Large-scaled pit viper || Munnar, Kerala || July 2024
This venomous pit viper is native to the hills of Munnar. Endemic to the Western Ghats, it is typically found at elevations above 1200 meters. An adult viper can grow up to 68 cm in length and is renowned as one of the most effective ambush predators.
 Craspedocephalus macrolepis

Appearance

Length includes a tail 12 cm long.

Dorsally, "C. macrolepis" is bright green, with blackish skin between the scales in some places. There is a yellow or white stripe on each side of the body, which runs along the first dorsal scale row. The upper lips are pale green, and there may be a black streak behind the eye. Ventrally, it is, which are large, keeled, and overlapping, are arranged in only 12-15 rows at midbody. The dorsal scales in the 10 middle rows are always the largest, and additional rows are made up of smaller scales. An even number of dorsal scale rows is frequently found in this species, even though it is uncommon in snakes in general. Ventrals 133–143; subcaudals divided 44–58.

The scales on the top of the head are very large, smooth, and overlapping. There is an elongate subocular, which is separated from the upper labials by a row of a few small scales. There are 7-8 upper labials, of which the 3rd is the largest.

Behavior

It is both terrestrial and arboreal, using its prehensile tail to hold onto branches. It is an ambush hunting snake relying on its camouflage to catch prey. The heat-sensing loreal pits are used to locate warm-blooded prey.

Habitat

"Craspedocephalus macrolepis" is a slow-moving, arboreal, nocturnal snake that prefers rainforests, and is also found in tea, coffee and cardamom plantations.

Reproduction

"Craspedocephalus macrolepis" is oviparous. Sexually mature females lay eggs in October, in clutches of 4–7.

Food

It feeds mainly on frogs, lizards, small birds and rodents.

Defense

Presumed to contain hemotoxin, but not that thoroughly studied. Even though tea pickers are frequently bitten by this species, the bites are seldom fatal.

References:

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Status: Near threatened
EX EW CR EN VU NT LC
Taxonomy
KingdomAnimalia
DivisionChordata
ClassReptilia
OrderSquamata
FamilyViperidae
GenusCraspedocephalus
SpeciesC. macrolepis
Photographed in
India