Appearance
The ocellated antbird is a medium-sized antbird, measuring 19 to 19.5 cm and weighing 44–58 g. Females tend to be slightly smaller than males and weigh slightly less. The plumage and bare parts of the male and female are the same. The eye is surrounded by a large bare blue patch of skin. The head and throat is black with a grey crown and a rufous nape. The upperparts and wing coverts are olive brown with black spots. The rest of the feathers of the wing are black edged with olive. The breast is rufous and belly is olive brown, both have large black spots. The bill is large and black. Juvenile birds have a darker crown, the rufous areas are brighter and the spots are reduced or absent. The species conforms with Bergmann's rule, with birds closer to the Equator having smaller wings and bills than those further away.Distribution
The ocellated antbird ranges from Honduras to Ecuador. The race "saturatus" is found from northern and eastern Honduras through eastern Nicaragua, eastern and northern Costa Rica into the west of Panama. The nominate race is found in the rest of Panama and the Pacific slope as the Andean slope of western Colombia. The race "pacificus" is found in the extreme south of coastal Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.Habitat
The ocellated antbird is a rainforest bird, being found in lowland and hill primary rainforest, as well as secondary forest. Within this habitat it occupies the understory of the forest, feeding and living close to the forest floor. It is found from sea-level up to 1,200 m in Costa Rica, but only up as high as 900 m in Panama and Colombia and 700 m in Ecuador; it is more commonly found below 400 m in the later country. They seldom enter or cross open areas, unless the ants that they are following do so.Reproduction
The social biology of this species is unusual for the antbird family. The breeding pair form the nucleus of a group or clan that includes their male offspring and their mates. These clans work together to defend territories against rivals. The open nest cup was only recently described, with a clutch of two eggs.Food
The bird feeds primarily on insects, arthropods, and sometimes on small lizards. Most of its prey is obtained from trails of army ants, which flush the prey from hiding places. One such army ant species is "Eciton burchellii". The ocellated antbird is considered an obligate follower of army ants, seldom foraging away from swarms. Amongst the species of antbirds and other army ant followers it is usually a dominant species.References:
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