Appearance
The gall is an ovoid, bean-shaped gall, up to 12 mm x 6 mm in size, with a hard thick red wall when occupied. The gall is formed when the female lays her eggs and injects a substance into the leaf. At first the galls are green and the walls soften as the larva consumes the tissue.Some galls may not be occupied, possibly because an egg was not laid or it did not hatch. There can be several galls to a leaf and they do not usually touch the midrib. Galls of ''E. proxima'' are found on white willow , weeping willow , ''S. x blanda'', ''S. excelsa, crack willow and bay willow. There are two broods in a year with the first brood maturing around mid-summer and the second in the autumn.
''E. proxima'' is one of three closely related species in the ''Euura proxima'' group. The others members of the group are,
⤷ ''E. bridgmanii''
⤷ ''E. triandrae''
Distribution
This species is found throughout Europe, north to southern Finland and east to the Caucasus. It has been introduced to Australia, North America and New Zealand.References:
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