Iodine bolete

Appearance

The cap diameter usually ranges between 5 and 12 cm, but can reach 20 cm. It is at first hemispherical, gradually becoming convex as the fungus expands and finally flat in fully mature specimens, sometimes with a slightly uplifted margin. The colour ranges from light tan, pale brown, chestnut-brown, grey, ochraceous-brown, greyish-brown or olivaceous-brown and the cap of young fruit bodies is initially covered in a velvety, finely filamentous silvery-grey coating that disappears in age.

The cap cuticle turns violet with NH3.

The stem is cylindrical, clavate or ventricose, 5 to 15 cm high by 2 to 6 cm wide, cream to pale yellow, but typically lemon-yellow at the apex and usually narrowing at the base. It has no reticulation, but is covered in tiny pustules below the apex, sometimes browning with age.

The tubes are pale yellow to lemon-yellow and usually do not discolour when cut, but may rarely stain faintly greenish-brown. The pores are small and rounded, lemon-yellow to chrome-yellow, not discolouring or rarely staining greenish-brown where handled or injured. The flesh is thick, soft, pale yellow to whitish, usually remaining the same colour when cut, or rarely becoming faintly pinkish-brown above the tubes and at the stem base. It has a sour smell somewhat reminiscent of iodine, more pronounced at the stem base.

The spore print is olivaceous-brown.

The spores are fusiform or fusiform-ellipsoid, measuring 10–16 × 4–6 μm. Although under an optical microscope they appear perfectly smooth, when viewed with a scanning electron microscope fine warts and tiny “pin-pricks” are visible on their surface. The cap cuticle is a trichodermium, composed of cylindrical smooth hyphae with clavate terminal cells that later collapse in mature specimens.

Naming

*"Hemileccinum depilatum" is the sister-species of "H. impolitum" and morphologically very similar, differing by its wrinkled or "hammered" cap surface, and its association hornbeam or hop-hornbeam. Microscopically it is distinguished by the structure of its cap cuticle, which is a palisadoderm composed of spherical and shortly cylindrical cells.

⤷ "Leccinellum lepidum" can also look very similar, but typically has a viscid cap with a wrinkled or "hammered" surface not turning violet in NH3, while its flesh slowly turns violaceous-grey and finally greyish-black when exposed to the air. Microscopically it has longer spores, often reaching 20 μm in length.

⤷ "Xerocomus subtomentosus" lacks scabrosities on the stem surface, while its pores are larger, angular and stain bluish when bruised. When longitudinally cut, its flesh is pinkish-brown in the lower part of the stem and sometimes discolours faintly bluish in the cap.

Distribution

"Hemileccinum impolitum" is ecologically versatile, forming ectomycorrhizal associations with several species of oak, but occasionally also with beech and chestnut. It does not appear to be substrate-specific and has been reported from both calcareous and acidic soil. In the United Kingdom, it is occasionally found in southern England, although finds in other parts of the country have also been reported.

Molecular phylogenetic testing has so far verified its presence in Estonia, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Sardinia.

Habitat

"Hemileccinum impolitum" is ecologically versatile, forming ectomycorrhizal associations with several species of oak, but occasionally also with beech and chestnut. It does not appear to be substrate-specific and has been reported from both calcareous and acidic soil. In the United Kingdom, it is occasionally found in southern England, although finds in other parts of the country have also been reported.

Molecular phylogenetic testing has so far verified its presence in Estonia, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Sardinia.