Hooded Bone Lichen

Appearance

Thallus: appressed, up to 6 (-8) cm broad; texture: cartilaginous; branching: isotomic dichotomous, budding occasional lobes: contiguous to imbricate or ± separate, 0.5-2.5 (-4) mm broad; black border: not visible from above; profile: even to irregular; width/height ratio: 1-4; tips and axils: entire or torn upper surface: white, gray to greenish gray, dark mottles none or rare, occasionally rugose soredia: on the inside of the burst lobe tips, appearing as if in labriform soralia; isidia absent, lobules rare medulla: hollow, ceiling of cavity white or dark, floor of cavity dark lower surface: black, rarely perforate Apothecia: rare, substipitate to stipitate, up to 2 (-4) mm in diam; stipe: funnel-shaped, hollow; disc: brown ascospores: ellipsoid, 7-8 x 4.5-5.5 µm Pycnidia: occasional conidia: rod shaped, 5.5-5.8 x 0.5-0.6 µm Spot tests: cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P+ pale yellow, UV-; medulla K-, C-, KC+ orange-red, P+ orange-red. Secondary metabolites: upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with physodic acid (major), 2'-O-methylphysodic acid (minor or accessory), 3-hydroxyphysodic acid (major), physodalic acid (major), and protocetraric acid (minor).

Naming

Parmelia duplicata (Sm.) Ach. var. douglasicola Gyelnik
Parmelia oregana Gyelnik
Parmelia physodes (L.) Ach
Ceratophyllum physodes (L.) M. Choisy

Distribution

World distribution: circumpolar arctic, boreal, and montane; northern Asia, North America, and Europe; throughout northern North America, south in California to about Santa Cruz and S throughout the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains

Habitat

Substrate and ecology: on bark or wood including conifers and hardwoods, rarely on rock, moss, or alpine sod

Reproduction

Asexually by soredia