Appearance
''Pholiotina rugosa'' has a cap which is conical, expanding to flat, usually with an umbo. It is less than 3 cm across, has a smooth brown top, and the margin is often striate. The gills are rusty brown, close, and adnexed. The stalk is 2 mm thick and 1 to 6 cm long, smooth, and brown, with a prominent and movable ring. The spore print is rusty brown.
Naming
It is more commonly known as ''Conocybe filaris'' as this is the name it is likely to appear under in field guides. However, ''Conocybe filaris'' is a junior synonym of ''Pholiotina rugosa''. ''Pholiotina rugosa'' has also been placed in the genus ''Conocybe'', but its morphology and a 2013 molecular phylogenetics study place it in the genus ''Pholiotina''. ''Pholiotina fimicola'', which grows on dung and rich soil in North America is a possible synonym. ''Pholiotina arrhenii'' has also been considered a possible synonym, but a molecular phylogenetics study found it to be a distinct species.
Distribution
It has been found in Europe, Asia and North America.
Habitat
It is primarily a lawn mushroom. It also grows on woodchips, rich soil and compost.
Defense
This species is deadly poisonous. They have been shown to contain amatoxins, which are highly toxic to the liver and are responsible for many deaths by poisoning from mushrooms in the genera ''Amanita'' and ''Lepiota''. They are sometimes mistaken for ''Psilocybe'', especially ''Psilocybe cyanescens'' and ''Psilocybe subaeruginosa'' species due to their similar looking pileus .Cultural
It contains the same mycotoxins as the death cap.References:
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