Spotless Ladybird Beetle

Cycloneda sanguinea

''Cycloneda sanguinea'' is a widespread species of ladybird beetle in the Americas. This ladybug can be distinguished from others because of its lack of spots on the elytra.
Cycloneda sanguinea ♀ - Unspotted Ladybird Beetle (Linnaeus, 1763) Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Cucujiformia: Cucujoidea: Coccinellidae: Coccinellinae: Coccinellini

Sex: ♀
Length: ~7mm
Location: Brazil, Ceará, Fortaleza (16th floor of a flat)
Date: 20th of April, 2018 at 08:29:00pm

Other pictures:

1 - Underside:
https://www.jungledragon.com/image/65865/cycloneda_sanguinea_-_unspotted_ladybird_beetle_linnaeus_1763.html

2 - 

https://www.jungledragon.com/image/65867/cycloneda_sanguinea_-_unspotted_ladybird_beetle_linnaeus_1763.html

Cycloneda sanguinea is a beetle in the order Coleoptera, suborder Polyphaga, infraorder Cucujiformia, superfamily Cucujoidea, family Coccinellidae, subfamily Coccinellinae and tribe Coccinellini. Its synonym binominal nomenclature is Coccinella sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763).
 
The dorso is convex and the elytra measure around 5mm according to Gravena (1983) e Gallo et al. (1988), and are orangeish-red with many punctuations mostly focused near the elytral suture. They are remarkable in that they are unspotted; a different characteristic from most Coccinellids. The pronotum has two white patches, one on each side that goes from the beggining of its posterior area going all the way towards the posterolateral angle, to the anterolateral angles to the anterior area. Close to these white patches, between them and the median area of the pronotum there is a pear-like shaped, small white patch. The pronotum is black, contrasting with the white patches. The head is black and small with two large compound eyes; next to the eyes there are two white markings and a white line above the maxillary palpi. The scutellum is small, black and triangular. Sexual dimorphism is present and evident: Males possess a white patch going from the medial area of the anterior part of the pronotum upwards but ending shortly. In simpler terms, they have a white line just behind the head going up and ending shortly. Females (which is the case of the subject portrayed) has no such characteristic, the anteromedial area of the pronotum lacking the white patch and being entirely black.
 
Legs made of a coxa, femur, tibia, tibial spur, tarsus and tarsal claw. On the underside, as evidently seen in another picture I took, we can see a postcoxal line just posterior to the coxa. 6 abdominal segments are evident; the first forms an upside-down "U", the second is the longest and the subsequent segments proceed to shorten in length. Underside is also made of an epimeron, elytral epipleuron, metasternum, mesosternum, prosternal carina and prosternum. It is evident in the lower view of the head the presence of maxillary palpi. I should not give an analysis on the antennae as I don't know their morphological characteristics; the number of segments might fail me, but I believe around 11 segments are present. Wings are located under the elytra and are membranous, veiny and transparent.
 
The larvae are slender with 11 segments, which might vary between growth instars. The first and second segments display a large, yellowish-orange patch with black markings on the laterals as well as yellowish-orange patches. Third segment made of a yellowish-orange patch on each lateral and a tiny patch dorsally. Fourth and seventh segments with a small yellowish-orange patch dorsally and 6th segment with a longer, yet still small dorsal yellowish-orange patch. 8th segment with a tiny yellowish-orange patch dorsally. 9th, 10th and 11th segments are black. 5th segment almost entirely yellowish-orange. The pronotum is yellowish-orange with two, large black patches near the posterior part. The head is black. Legs are black with a coxa, femur, tibia and, seemingly, tarsus, but my knowledge on their legs end here.
 
Pupae are rounded/curved and overall orange with black dorsal, lateral and ventral parts. Appendages are free and evident, with no movement and fixed on the substrate. However, they can curve their body if threatened.
 
The larvae and the adults are predators, feeding on the liquid of their prey and leaving only the exuvia as residual mass when larvae, and eating the prey completely when adults. They are insectivorous and will mostly feed on members of Aphididae (such as Dactynotus sp.) and Coccoidea. The pupae of Cycloneda sanguinea possess the remarkable characteristic of being able to "bite" potentially threatening individuals. The incubation of the eggs takes around 3-5 days and the larval stage takes around 9 days, with an average of each instar being around 2,43, 1,57, 1,86 and 3,57 days, respectively for the first, second, third and fourth instars. The pre-pupa and pupa stages last 0,86 to 4,14 days, respectively. Larvae generally feed on an average of 14-17 prey per day and around 137-320 (depending on the temperature; higher temperatures mean less consumption, while colder temperatures mean more consumption) prey during the whole larval period, with an elevating consumption between each instar. The larvae can depend on cannibalism if needed. Recently emerged adults present light-yellow elytra. Sometimes, the pre-pupa stage is skipped, with the mature larva directly turning into the pupa. Adults can live around 50 days and eat around 20 prey a day.
 
They occur in many countries of Latin America, North America and Europe, with a wide distribution range.

Habitats include weedy areas with plenty of plants that draw in Aphididae and Coccoidea. This includes many habitats within their area of distribution. Found on the 16th floor of a flat in an urban habitat.

Sources:

https://www.revistas.ufg.br/pat/article/view/2915/2962

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloneda_sanguinea

http://eol.org/pages/1173313/names

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752006000200031

...And myself. Animalia,Arthropoda,Arthropods,Brazil,Coccinellidae,Coccinellinae,Coccinellini,Coleoptera,Cucujiformia,Cucujoidea,Cycloneda sanguinea,Geotagged,Insecta,Insects,Polyphaga,Spotless Ladybird Beetle,animal,animals,arthropod,insect

Appearance

''Cycloneda sanguinea'' is a large ladybird beetle with red, unspotted elytra . The color ranges from orange to deep red. The white and black marks on the head and pronotum are very distinctive, and they are also gender-specific. Females and males both have white spots on the black part, but the female has black in the center, continuing down into the face, while the male has a white cleft above the head and a white face. These ladybugs are very often found feeding on aphids on milkweeds, but also occur on a number of other plants. Its pupae have the remarkable ability to "bite" potential predators using a device known as a "gin trap".
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Distribution

''Cycloneda sanguinea'' is the most widespread ladybird beetle in Latin America, with a distribution that ranges from the southern United States to Argentina, and eastward to the Cayman Islands. On the Galápagos Islands, it lives in sympatry with its sister species, ''Cycloneda galapagensis''.

References:

Some text fragments are auto parsed from Wikipedia.

Taxonomy
KingdomAnimalia
DivisionArthropoda
ClassInsecta
OrderColeoptera
FamilyCoccinellidae
GenusCycloneda
SpeciesC. sanguinea