Usambara bush viper

Atheris ceratophora

''Atheris ceratophora'' is a venomous viper species endemic to a few mountain ranges in Tanzania. This used to be the only horned, arboreal viper known from Africa, until the discovery in 2011 of ''Atheris matildae'', also found in Tanzania. No subspecies are currently recognized.
The Usambara Eyelash Bush Viper (Atheris ceratophora) The Usambara Eyelash Bush Viper (Atheris ceratophora) is an endemic to Tanzania.  It is an inhabitant of mid-elevation (~1400 m) humid mountain forest of the Ussambara and Udzungwa Mountains.  They are predators of small rodents, lizards, and frogs.  Most individuals are smaller than 2 feet in length as adults.  Science does not know the function or purpose of the enlarged scales above the eyes, known as “superciliary scales.” Atheris ceratophora is the only arboreal viper to have superciliary scales in Africa. This is an interesting example of convergence in form or “convergent evolution” with the Central American Eyelash Viper (Bothriechis schlegeli).  Also a small arboreal mountain forest pit viper, B. schlegeli sports superciliary scales and can be found with bright shades of red, yellow, orange, and green. African bush viper,Atheris ceratophora,Atheris ceratophorus,Bothriechis schlegeli,Udzungwa Mountains,Usambara Eyelash Bush Viper,Ussambara Mountains,convergent evolution,convergent form,east Africa herpetofauna,eyelash bush viper,ophidian,serpents,superciliary scales,venom,venomous snake,viperidae

Appearance

It grows to a maximum total length of 54 cm . Females are slightly larger than males. The maximum total length for a male is reported to be 42 cm , the tail of which measured 8 cm .

Easily recognized by a set of 3-5 horn-like superciliary scales above each eye. The rostral scale is more than twice as broad as high. There are 9 upper labials. The first 3 lower labials on each side are in contact with the one pair of chin shields.

Midbody, the dorsal scales number 21-25. The ventral scale count is 142-152. There are 41-56 subcaudals.

The color pattern consists of a yellowish-green, olive, gray or black ground color. This may or may not be overlaid by variable markings, sometimes in the form of irregular black spots or cross-bars that may be lined with yellow or white spots. The belly is dirty orange to almost black in color, sometimes with dark spots.

Naming

Usambara bush viper, horned bush viper, eyelash bush viper, Usambara mountain bush viper, horned tree viper, Usambara tree viper.

Behavior

Like other ''Atheris'' species, it is probably active mainly at night, or at dawn or dusk.

Habitat

Found in grass and low bushes about 1 m above the ground in woodlands and forests at altitudes of 700–2,000 m .

References:

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Status: Vulnerable
EX EW CR EN VU NT LC
Taxonomy
KingdomAnimalia
DivisionChordata
ClassReptilia
OrderSquamata
FamilyViperidae
GenusAtheris
SpeciesA. ceratophora
Photographed in
Tanzania